Comparative analysis of the syntactic organization of a simple sentence in Chinese and Russian in the aspect of expressing causative relations

Abstract

The article presents a comparative analysis of the syntactic organization of a simple sentence in Chinese and Russian in terms of expressing causative relations. The introduction substantiates the relevance of studying causative constructions within a simple sentence as the basis of syntactic organization, emphasizing the linguistic and cultural features of the two language systems. The literature review demonstrates the lack of elaboration of comparative analysis in the context of causation, which stimulates the conduct of this study. The methodological part describes the selection of material, including a corpus of texts in Chinese and Russian, and the use of syntactic and functional analysis to identify structural features. The main attention is paid to the characterization of causative expressions, their morphosyntactic features, as well as the search for universal mechanisms and linguistic features that influence the formation of causal relationships in a simple sentence. The study revealed both similarities and differences in the ways of expressing causality. In Chinese, causative relations are often expressed using specific functional particles and structural models, which is due to the analytical nature of the language. Unlike Chinese, Russian is conditioned by a more developed morphological system, which allows using flexible syntactic constructions to convey causal meaning. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis that the features of syntactic organization are related to the general linguistic trends in the development of language systems and the specific features of their syntax. The discussion of the results focuses on the mutual influence of language structures and functional criteria identified during the study, as well as on the prospects for further comparative analyses. The conclusion outlines the practical significance of the data obtained for the theory of language and teaching methods, and also points to the need for a deeper study of causative relations in the framework of interlanguage communication and translation.