Architectural and planning features of the reconstruction of seaports on the example of the port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

Abstract

Given the increasing importance of the Northern Sea Route and the revealed systemic deterioration of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Port infrastructure, this study aims to develop scientifically grounded architectural and planning solutions capable of transforming the port into a modern multimodal logistics hub with high operational and investment efficiency. Methodologically, the work relies on systemic and program-target approaches, interdisciplinary analysis of 2010-2023 statistics, field surveys conducted in 2022-2023, the regulatory framework, graph-analytical modeling of flows, correlation-regression methods and time series extrapolation, as well as investment calculations (NPV, IRR, PBP), SWOT analysis, and expert assessments. An audit confirmed critical discrepancies between the quay front, berth depths, and storage capacities versus modern requirements; reconstruction targets were proposed: extending berth length by about 65% to 3,55 km, deepening the bottom to 14,5 m, multiple expansion of covered and refrigerated warehouses, increasing container terminal capacity to 8,500 TEU, and developing the railway access network to 12,8 km. Spatial reorganization includes the allocation of interconnected clusters (container, fishing industry, general cargo, port fleet, and administrative-business), increasing the land-use intensity coefficient through multi-level warehouses, compact equipment, and optimized transport corridors (for example, CIUT growth from 0.38 to 0.72 at the container terminal, from 0.55 to 0.95 at the fishing terminal, and from 0.62 to 1.25 in the administrative-business zone). The forecast shows cargo turnover growth from 2,8 to 8,5 and 15,2 million tons, container throughput from 25.4 to 150 and 320 thousand TEU, and a reduction in average vessel handling time from 48,6 to 22,5 and 16,8 hours for the 2035 and 2045 horizons, respectively. Scenario analysis demonstrated the advantage of the comprehensive scenario (investment about 98,6 billion rubles, NPV 55,4 billion rubles, IRR 21,2%, simple payback period 9,8 years, maximum social effect) and revealed the synergy of planning transformations and technological modernization, generating up to 30-35% of the total effect. Practical recommendations include dredging, relocation of part of the berths, creation of multi-level refrigeration complexes, implementation of STS and RMG complexes, a digital Port Community System and integration with the urban environment, as well as the development of a master plan and digital twin with the possibility of replicating the methodology for Arctic and Far Eastern ports.