Great power competition and Arctic cooperation in contemporary international relations

Abstract

The Arctic is increasingly emerging as a key geostrategic region in contemporary international relations, driven by climate change, growing accessibility, and intensified interest from major powers. As the region becomes more integrated into global political and economic processes, it attracts heightened attention as a space of strategic competition and long-term planning. This article examines the relationship between great power competition and Arctic cooperation within the framework of modern geostrategy. Relying on qualitative analysis of academic literature and official policy documents, the study explores how strategic rivalry influences regional governance, security dynamics, and existing cooperative mechanisms. The findings indicate that while competition among major powers has intensified, particularly in the spheres of security, natural resource development, and control over emerging maritime routes, Arctic cooperation continues to play a stabilizing role. The article concludes that the Arctic is likely to remain a space of managed competition, where pragmatic cooperation and institutional dialogue remain essential for maintaining regional stability and preventing escalation.